Multiple turret lathe



Oct. 5, 1943. D. E. BENCH ET AL 2,330,859

MULT IPLE TURRET LATHE Filed Sept. 25, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet l R uornws Oct.'5, 1943. D. BENCH ETAL MULTIPLE TURRET LATHE Filed Sept. 25, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet 3 llO D. E. BENCH ETAL MULTIPLE TURRET LATHE Filed Sept. 25, 1941 we I35 Oct. 5, 1943.

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Oct. 5, 1943. n. E. BENCH ET AL. 5

MULTIPLE TURRET LATHE F iled Sept; 25, 1941 11 Sheets-Shut 7 mail luorugs Oct. 5, 1943. D. E. BENCH arm. 2,330,359

MULTIPLE TURRET LATHE Fil ed Sept. 25, 1941 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 Ens E5 2.34 ZZZ WEE! DAVID E. BENLH MELV\N A. cRosBY HARRY ATOULMN JR.

.5? I mpm Oct. 5, 1943. D. E. BENCH ETAL MULTIPLE TURRET LATHE Filed Sept.. 25, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 Inventors I DAV") E BENCH LROsBY i MELVIN A. HARRY A. TOULMIN JR. N

Attor flags Oct. 5, 1943. D. EBENCH HAL 2,330,859

MULT IPLE TURRET LATHE Filed Sept. 25, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet l0 .ITEnEQ.

\VQYROVS DAVID E. BENCH MELWN A. C-ROfiBY HARRY KTOULVHN JR.

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Oct. 5, 1943. D. E. BENCH ETAL MULTIPLE TURRET, LATHE l1 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed s k, 25.1 1941 van IIIIIII'IIIIIIIIII-A Inventors DAVH') E, BENCH MELVIN RLROSBY HARRY TouLMwJR.

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@(Q a HE Attdrnqs Patented Get. 5, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MULTIPLE TURRET LATHE David E. Bench, Melvin A. Crosby, and Harry A. Toulmin, Jr., Dayton, Ohio, assignors to The Hydraulic Development Corp., Inc., Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application September 25; 1941, Serial No. 412,268

23 Claims.

This invention relates to a turret lathe capable or working upon a plurality of work pieces simultaneously.

a turret lathe having a plurality of work: carrying spindles positioned radially about the turret, said turret being constructed and arranged to successively position a plurality of tools into operative engagement with the work pieces carried by the work spindles.

Another object of the invention is to provide a turret lathe in accordance with the foregoing object wherein the tools are actuated with respect to the work pieces by hydraulic means.

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatically operated turret lathe in accordance with the foregoing objects.

Another object of the invention is to provide a turret lathe having a plurality of headstocks positioned radially about a turret which is adapted to carry the tools from one station to another adjacent the several headstocks and means to move the tools with respect to the work pieces carried by the headstoeks.

It is another object or the invention to provide a turret lathe in accordance with the foregoing object wherein the tools are carried by the turret from one station to another and then are positioned upon a saddle for carrying the tool into operative relationship with the work piece carried by the headstock.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plurality of individual lathe units radially positioned about a turret which is adapted to be operated to bring the tools carried by the turret into successive operative relationship with respect to the work piece carried in the several lathes whereby a, plurality of work pieces is manufactured simultaneously.

Another object of the invention is to provide a turret lathe wherein the tools carried by the a turret lathe wherein the turret carries a plurality of tools intosuecessive operating stations and hydraulic apparatus is provided for moving the tool from the turret into engagement with a saddle for carrying the tool into operative engagement with a work piece.

It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe wherein the turret provides the transporting device for a plurality of tools from one station to another and saddles carried upon the bed of the lathe support the tool in its movement with respect to a work piece.

Another object of the invention is to provide a turret lathe in accordance with the two foregoing objects wherein the tools are moved by hydraulic apparatus. I

It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe wherein a plurality of tools is moved at a predetermined rate in accordance with the type of work being done by the tool.

It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe in accordance with the foregoing object wherein the tool is rapidly moved into operative relationship with respect to a work piece and movement thereof is then controlled at a predetermined rate of movement during the turret are moved with respect to the work piece cutting portion of the stroke of movement of the tool.

It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus for producing a rapid traverse of a tool with respect to a work piece when approaching or leaving the work piece and for controlling the rate of movement during the cutting or operating portion of the cycle of movement of the tool.

It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe wherein a plurality of work pieces is positioned in a fixed relationship with respect to the turret and the turret is rotated to bring the tools thereof into successive engagement with the work pieces for successively producing a plurality of operations on a work piece.

It is another object of the invention to pro vide an apparatus in accordance with the foregoing object wherein the tools carried by the turret are actuated by hydraulic means.

Another object of the invention is to provide a turret lathe wherein the work tools are re movably carried upon the turret and are adapted to be positioned within saddles which carry the tool into operative relationship with respect to a work piece, and to provide apparatus for locking the tool to the saddle.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus in accordance with the foregoing object wherein hydraulically actuated appara-.

tus moves the tool into operating position upon the saddle and then moves the saddle with respect to the work piece in the lathe to engage the tool with the work piece.

It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus in accordance with the foregoing object wherein the means for moving the tool and saddle is a hydraulic means.

It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatusfor controlling the movement of the tool with respect to the work piece at a relatively constant rate regardless of the resistance to forward movement made by the tool.

It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe having a plurality of tools carried thereupon adapted to be removed from the turret into saddles for carrying the same into operative relationship with respect to a plurality of work pieces positioned radially abou the turret.

It is another object 'of the invention to provide an apparatus in accordance with the foregoing object wherein a locking mechanism is provided between the tool, the saddle and the means for moving the tool with; respect to the saddle.

It is anotherobject of the invention to provide an apparatus in accordance with any of the foregoing objects wherein the tool is brought into engagement with the saddle and to provide means for accurately positioning the tool with respect to the work piece carried in the lathe.

It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe wherein the tools thereof are hydraulically actuated.

It is another object of the invention to pro wide means for independently controlling the movement of a work tool with respect to a work piece in a turret lathe.

It is another object of the invention to provide; an automatically operated turret wherein the turret is indexed, the tools .are transported by the turret between the several stations of the lathe. and the tools are hydraulically moved with respect to the work piece when positioned in the several stations, all of which operations are under full automatic control or under semiautomatic control for one complete cycle of operation.

It is another object of the invention to provide an automatic control system for a turret lathe having a plurality of hydraulically actuated tools.

Itis another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe adapted to have a plurality of work pieces positioned therein, the turret lathe also having a plurality of tools hydraulically moved with respect to the work pieces when brought adjacent thereto, the movement of each of the tools being automatically controlled at a proper rate of movement with respect to the work piece when brought into successive position with respect to the several work pieces.

It is another object of the invention to provide automatic control over the movement of the work tools in accordance with the foregoing object wherein apparatus positioned adjacent each of the work stations regulates the movement of tools and is constructed and arranged to control each of the tools at its proper rate of advancement with respect to the work piece when the respective tools are brought into proper position.

Another object of the invention is to provide a turret lathe wherein the tools are actuated hydraulically in their advancement to and away from the work piece and are carried by thehydraulic apparatus.

. It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe having a. plurality of radially disposed hydraulic cylinders forming the turret for the lathe wherein the plunger of each of the cylinders carries a suitable work tool.

It is another object of the invention to provide a turret lathe in accordance with the foregoing object wherein the plungers of the various cylinders move the tools carried thereby into engagement with saddles which support the tools when the tools are in working engagement with the respective work pieces.

It is another object of the invention to provide locking means between the tool and the saddle of the turret lathe of the foregoing object.

-Another object of the invention is to provide a turret lathe adapted to support a plurality of Work pieces upon which work is simultaneously performed by means of a plurality of work tools having a turret for transporting the tools between the several stations and means for removing the tools from the turret into engagement with the work pieces,

Further objects and advantages will become apparent from the drawings and the following description.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan elevational view of a turret lathe constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion 01' a lathe taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1, the headstock portion of the lathe is in elevation.

Figure-3 is a cross-sectional view similar to Figure 2 but omitting the headstock portion of the lathe and shows one step of the locking oper ation between the work tool and the hydraulic means for actuating the same.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view similar to Figure 3 showing the locking of the work tool within the saddle provided for carrying the same v taken along line 9-9 of Figure 6 showing the locking mechanism in the locked position,

Figure 10 is a horizontal cross-sectional view similar to Figure 8 showing the actuating mechanism for the lock of Figure 9 in the position for actuating the device as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view similar to Figures '7 and 9, showing the locking mechanism in the act of unlocking the tool moving member from the tool.

Figure 12 is a horizontal cross-sectional view similar to Figures 8 and 10, showing the actuating mechanism for the lock in the position for actuating the lock in the manner shown in Figure 11.

Figure. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view I. l t

-taken along line l3| 3 of Figure 4 showing the mechanism for locking the saddle to the lathe bed. i

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line l4-l4 of Figure 13 showing the apparatus for operating the locking mechanism of Figare 13.

Figure 15 is a view similar to Figure 14 show- 1 ing the apparatus for locking the locking mechanism in the locked position.

Figure 16 is a partial crossesectional view similar to Figure 13 showing the locking mechanism between the saddle'and the lathe bed in the unlocked position. I

Figure 1'? is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the turret of the lathe taken along line lI-l I of Figure 1.

Figure 18 is a bottom elevational view taken along line i8-i8 of Figure 17 showing the Geneva mechanism and the locking means for the same for indexing the turret.

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram showing the electrical system'and the hydraulic system for the automatic operation of the turret lathe.

Figure 20 shows aslightly modified form of the hydraulic system ifor the lathe.

Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2l--2l of Figure 1'7 showing the means for controlling the movement of the work tools with ing, a portion 0! the mechanism in cross-section to disclose the locking apparatus between the tool carrying member and the saddle or the lathe.

modified form of the invention wherein the turret for transporting the t00l between the various stations of the lathe is moved in a vertical direction to remove the tool carrying member from the saddle of the lathe.

Figure 28 is a partial view of Figure 27 showing the tool in locked position upon the saddle.

Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 29-29 of Figure 28.

Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view or a porhon of the saddle of Figure 27 showing the locking mechanism between the saddle and the way. Figure 31 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a modified form of the turret lathe wherein the tools are completely removed from the lathe bed during transportation between the various stations.

Figure 32 is a top plan view of the apparatus of Figure 31.

Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 33-33 of Figure 31.

The turret lathe of this invention is construct ed and arranged for supporting a plurality of work pieces upon individual rotating spindles disposed radially about a central turret. Each of the spindles is preferably a part of a conventional headstock for a lathe which controls the speed of operation of the work piece carried thereon. The central turret is provided for transporting a plurality of tools into operative relationship with respect to each of the'work pieces carried upon the headstock by a series of successive indexing operations of the turret. Each of the tools there-v fore is positioned with respect to the work piece so that the operation of each or the tools can be performed upon each of the work pieces without removing the same from their spindles until the total number of operations provided for by the turret is completed.

The tools are adapted to be removably carried upon the turret so that they can be removed and placed into engagement with suitable saddles provided upon the lathe bed adjacent each of the headstocks. A hydraulic motor is provided for moving the tools from the turret into engagement with the saddles and for moving the tool when in the saddle into working engagement with a work piece carried upon the headstock. Thev tool is replaced upon the turret by means of a hydraulic motor after its operation upon the work piece has been completed so that the turret can index the tool to the next successive station under control of automatic means.

By radially disposing a plurality of headstocks about a centrally disposed turret a plurality of individual work pieces can be simultaneously worked upon to produce articles whichv necessitate rather complicated tooling set ups. The various headstocks composing the lathe can either be positioned upon a single casting suitably constructed with radially disposed beds from a central turret or individual lathe beds can be radially positioned about a central turret and properly aligned therewith.

-In this invention the lathe consists of alathe bed, generally indicated by the numeral lb, which is composed of a plurality of individual beds "a radially disposed with respect to one another. The bed 10 can be a unit structure, or may be composed of a plurality of individual beds which are properly secured. together to produce a unit structure. The beds Illa are preferably individually constructed since the size 'of the apparatus lends itself more favorably to the construction of individual units which can be assembled into a larger unit machine.

Each of the beds Illa comprise part of a complete lathe with the exception that the usual tailstock is omitted.

Upon each of the beds Ilia there is provided a headstock ll having a work spindle driven by the conventional mechanism associated with the usual headstock arrangement for lathes and upon which a chuck I2 is adapted to be positioned. The chuck i2 is adapted to carry a work piece I! for rotation with respect to the tool carried upon a central turret l5. It is of course understood that while a chuck has been mentioned as providing the apparatus for holding the work piece l3, any other apparatus for securing the work piece in position for rotation with respect to the work tools can 'be provided and be suitably 'ways [4 upon which a carriage I6 is positioned for longitudinal movement along the lathe. The carriage l6 may be provided with a square turret I! for producing various transverse cuts upon the Work piece Hi.

It is to be understood that the carriage l6 and the square turret I! are conventional mechanisms i adapted for use in lathe work and it is therefore with all of the usual controls found upon lathes for controlling cutting speeds, transverse and longitudinal movement of the work tools andbther controls usually associated with such lathe mechanisms. v

The turret with which the lathe beds Illa are associated consists of a hexagonal base I 9 having a centrally located turret supporting post I8. A turret is provided with a supporting shaft 2| which is secured centrally within the turret 20; The shaft 2| has an enlarged annular portion 22 which engages the under side of the turret 20 for supporting the turret while a nut 23 is threaded upon the shaft 2| for engaging the upper face of the turret 29 and/thereby securing the same to the shaft 2|. The turret post I8 is provided with an upper tapered roller bearing 24 upon which the annular enlarged portion 22 is supported and thereby provides a thrust bearing for the turret 2-ll'for supporting the same. A tapered roller bearing 25 is provided in the lower portion of the turret postl8 for guiding the turret shaft 2|.

The hexagonal bed l9 has finished faces 26 (as shown in Figure 1) against which the lathe beds Illa-abut for positioning the beds Illa with respect to the base I9 and thus with respect to the turret 20. Suitable means are provided for securing the beds Illa to the base IS.

The turret 20 is centrally disposed with respect to the lathe beds Illa radially positioned about the hexagonal base 19. The turret 20 comprises a horizontally positioned plate 27 which is provided with a hexagonal shape to correspond with the hexagonal positioningof the lathe beds Illa about the base l9. While the invention discloses the use of a hexagonal turret and lathe arrangement yet it is to be understood that any number of lathe beds can be positioned about a centrally located turret depending upon the usage to which the machine is to be put. The turret plate 21 is provided with a T-slot 28 positioned adjacent each of the sides 29 of the turret 29.

A toll carrier 30 has a T-shaped head 3| which cooperates with the T-slot 21 in the turret 20 for supporting a tool 32 in position with respect to the turret 20. The cooperation of the T-slot 27 with the T-head 3! of the tool carrier 30 permits the tool carrier 30 to be slidably removed from the turret 20 for advancement into working engagement with a work piece carried by one of the headstocks l I. When the tool carrier 30 is positioned with the T-head 3i within the T-slot 21, the tool carrier is arranged for transportation between the stations of the lathe as represented by the respective lathe beds 10a.

Each of the lathe beds Illa is provided with a hydraulic motor 33 having a double acting pis- 41 which is, parallel to the longitudinal axis of ton thereinto which the plunger rod 34 is attached. The hydraulic cylinders 33 are bolted to their respective lathe beds Illa by means of bolts 35, as indicated in Figure 13. The plunger 34 carries a crosshead at the forward end thereof from which there extends a pairof rods 31 secured to the crosshead 36 by means of bolts 38. The rods 31 extend toward the center of the apparatus upon both sides of the cylinder 33, the crosshead 36 and the rods 31 thus providing a yoke which is secured to a tool moving member 39.

The tool moving member 39 is slidably carried upon a saddle 40, which saddle is slidably supported upon the ways l4 of the lathe bed Illa. Each of the lathe beds Illa. isiprovided with a. saddle 40 and a tool moving member 39 so that the tool carrier 30 can be slidably removed from the turret 20 and positioned upon the saddle 40.

The saddle 40 is provided with a recess 42 (see Figure 6) which cooperates with the ways 14 of the lathe bed for supporting and guiding the saddle 40 during its longitudinal movement upon the ways l4. A plate 43 is secured to the saddle 40 and extends inwardly toward the center of the lathe bed for sliding engagement with the under side of the ways I4 thereby preventing the saddle 40 from rising fromthe ways l4. The saddle 40 is also provided with a pair of upwardly extending wall members 44 and 44a which form a yoke having a central opening 45. The wall members 44 and 44a are each provided with a recess 46 and 46a having right angular sides for supporting the tool carrier 30 when in position therein.

The recess 46 in the wall member 44 has a wall the lathe bed Illa and has an upper wall 48 which is tapered upwardly in the direction of the position of the tool carrier 30. The recess 46a is provided with a vertical wall 49 which is tapered outwardly and rearwardly with respect to the position of the tool carrier 30 and an'upper wall 50 which is tapered in the same manner as the wall 48' of the recess 46. The bottom wall 5| of the yoke formed by the wall members 44 and 44a is parallel with respect to the lathe bed llla.

The tool carrier 30 has a depending plug mem-- ber 52 which has the walls thereof formed to the same configuration as the configuration of the recesses 46 and 46a heretofore described whereby the bottom wall 5| and the side wall 41 provide means for positioning the tool carrier 30 within the'yoke provided onthe saddle 40 with respect to the axial center of the spindle carried by the headstock H. The tapered walls 48, 49 and 50 of the recesses 46 and 46a force the plug 52 of I the tool carrier 30 into the proper position when the tool carrier is moved into the recesses 46 and 46a by means of the tool moving member 39.

The tool moving member 39 consists of a hori zontally positioned plate 53 adapted to slidably engage recesses 54 and 54a and thereby guiding the topl moving member 39 along the saddle 40.

A pair of ears 56 depends from the plate 53 and issecured to the plunger rods 34 by means of the bolts 51. The tool moving member 39 is thus connected to the hydraulic motor 33 which causes reciprocation of the tool carrying member a 39 upon the saddle 40 when moving the tool carrier 30 from the turret 20 into engagement with a yoke 44, 44a provided on the saddle 40.

Looking mechanisms are provided for latching and unlatching the tool moving member 39 to the tool carrier 38 and for latching and unlatching the tool carrier 38 to the saddle 48.

and consists of a vertical forward'face 88 and a rearwardly tapered face 8|.

The reduced diameter portion 58 upon the tool carrier 38 is adapted to slidably engage a bore 82 provided in the tool moving member 39. A vertics-1 bore 83 communicates with the bore 82. A locking pin 84 is slidably positioned within the bore, which pin is provided with a roller 13 suitably pivotally carried upon the lower end of the pin 84.

The pin 84 is adapted to be reciprocated vertically into and out of the recess 89 provided in the reduced diameter portion 88 of the tool carrier 38 by means of a horizontally positioned acuating rod 88 slidably carried within a bore 88 positioned transversely of the plate 83. Rollers 88. are pivotally carried upon opposite ends of the rod 88 for engaging the recesses '84 and 84a provided in the saddle 48. 'The rod 88 is provided with a recess 83 having an angular face 89 and a horizontal bottom wall 18. .The roller to be moved into engagement with the yoke of the saddle 48 after having been indexed from one station to the next, as represented by the various lathe beds 2841. As the tool moving member 38 moves forwardly with 'respect to the tool carrier 38 the reduced diameter portion 88 upon the tool carrier 38 enters the bore 82 provided in the tool moving member 39. When the reduced diameter portion 88 has made a substantial entry into the bore 82 the actuating rod 85 will shift in the rightward direction (as seen in Figure 8) to move the pin 84 upwardly into engagement with the recess 89 provided in the reduced diameter portion. By the time the rod 65 has completely shifted to the right the pin 84 will have the forward face thereof in engagement with the forward face 88 of the recess 89 thereby securely locking and positioning the tool moving member with respect to the tool carrier 38. This position is shown in Figures 9 and 10.

Continued forward advancement of the tool carrier moving member 39 will slide the T-head 3| of the tool carrier 88 within the T-slot 21 upon the turret 28 so that the plug 52 upon the tool carrier 38 will enter the recesses 48 and 46a provided in the yoke upon the saddle 48.

When the plug 82 substantially completes its entry into the yoke provided on the saddle 48 a 13 carried upon the pin 84' en ages the faces of the recess 88 for actuating the pin 84 vertically upon transverse reciprocation of the actuating rod 85. I

To obtain reciprocation of the actuating rod 88 the recesses 84 and 84a positioned within the saddle 48 are provided with suitable guide tracks for the rollers 81 carried upon the actuating rod 88. A guide track H is provided in the face of the recess 84 and extends rearwardly of the saddle 48. A similar guide track 1la islprovided in the face of the recess 84d and extends forwardly of the saddle 48. The guide track H locking mechanism is actuated for locking the toolcarrier within the saddle 48.

- locking mechanism consists of a bellcrank lever 14 carried upon a pivot pin 18, the lever being-positioned within a recess 18 provided in the forward edge of the saddle 48. One end of the bellcrank lever 14 is provided with a roller 11 while the opposite end thereof has a slot 13 which engages a pin 19 carried upon a locking pin :88 slidably positioned within a bore 8|, 1 vertically arranged within the saddle 48 and adjacent the median'point of the yoke provided by the walls 44 and 44a.

so is normally held in locked en- The saddle ways 4| of the lathe bed l8a gagement with the to prevent movement of the saddle until the plug has an angularly disposed face 13 which connects the bottom of the track 1! with the face of the recess 84. The guide track 1lc is provided with a similar angular face 120 for connecting the bottom of the track Ila with the face of the recess 84a. The angular faces 12 and 12a are disposed with respect to one another in such a relationship that upon forward movement of the tool carrying member 39 by means of the hydraulic motor 33, the roller 81 on the left end of the actuating rod will engage the face 12 to shift the rod 88in a rightward direction as viewed in Figures 8, 18

and 12. When the actuating rod 88 shifts to the right the angular face 89 provided in the rod 88 engages the roller 13 to move the pin upwardly into engagement with the recess 89 provided in the reduced diameter portion of the tool carrier 88. p

This locking movement of the pin 84 is in timed relation with respect to the movement of the tool moving member 39 with respect to the tool carrier 38. As viewed in Figures '1 and 8, the tool moving member is disengaged from the tool carrier 38. At this time th tool carrier 38 will be carried by the turret 28 by means of the T-head 3! in the T-slot 21 in the manner shown in Figure 2. The relationship between the tool moving member 39, the tool carrier 38 and the yoke of the saddle 48 (as shown in FIG- ure 2) is such that the tool carrier 38 is ready II of the tool carrier 38 has made complete entry into the yoke provided on the saddle 48.

v The saddle locking mechanism is operated con- ,mechanism consists of a pair comitant with the locking operation of the tool carrier locking mechanism so that the addle 48 will be unlocked from the ways H at the instant the tool carrier is locked to the saddle 48.

The saddle locking mechanism is operated by means of the tool carrier locking pin 88 (as shown in Figures. 13 and 16). The saddle locking of bell-crank levers 82 pivotally mounted upon the pins 83 and positioned within a recess 84 provided in the saddle 48. One end of the bellcrank 89 engages a'pin 88 carried upon the lower end of the lockin: pin 88. The opposite end of the bellcrank lever 82 engages-pins 88 carried upon the saddle locking pins 81 slidably positioned within bores bed.

The plug 82 of the tool carrying member 38 is provided with a recess 94 in the bottom edge thereof having a forward angular face 95 and a.

rearward vertical face 36 into which a roller 9? carried upon the upper end of the locking pin 80 thereby locksthe tool carrier to the saddle yoke.

After the hydraulic motor 33 has moved the tool carrier moving member 39 into locking engagement with the tool carrier 30 (as shown in Figure 9) and has transported the tool carrier 30 forwardly to position the plug 52 thereof within the yoke of the saddle 40 the forward face of the plug 52 will engage the roller 1'! carried upon the bellcranlr H to pivot the same about the pin "I and thereby vertically move the tool ways I 4. The tool carrier is thus gradually unlocked from the saddle 40 and the saddle 40 locked to the ways I l.

The tool carrier and the tool carrier moving member continue their retraction movement due to operation of the hydraulic motor 33. When the forward end of the plug 02 is removed from within the yoke of the saddle 40 the tool carrier 30 will be in a position wherein the T-head 3I is positioned within the T-slot 21 upon the turret 20, the rear face of the tool carrier 30 abutting the rear face of the slot 21 whereby the carrier 30 is prevented from further retraction move- I ment. When this position is reached the rod 65 carrier lockingpin 80 upwardly into the recess I 94 provided in the plug 52. As the plug 52 makes complete entry into the saddle yoke the locking pin 80 rotates the bellcrank levers 82 of the saddle locking mechanism about their respective pivots 83 to draw the locking 'pins 81- inwardly and out of engagement with the locking recess 03 provided in the ways I, as shownfin Figure 16. The tool carrier 30 is now positioned -rigidly in the saddle 40 so that the hydraulic motor 33 can move the tool 32 into working engagement with the work piece I3 carried upon the spindle extending fromthe headstock II. The rate of forward advancement of the tool 32 with respect to the work piece I3 is under automatic control in a manner which will hereinafter be more specifically described.

After the work operation has been performed on the work piece the hydraulic motor is reversed in its movement, in a manner which will be described, for retracting the tool from the work piece, removing the tool carrier from the saddle, simultaneously placing the tool carrier upon the turret and then disengaging the tool carrier moving member from the tool carrier to reposition the elements as disclosed in Figure 2,

whereby the turret can be indexed and the next successive tool brought into alignment with the work piece for the next successive operation.

During the initial portion of the retraction movement of the saddle, tool carrier and tool carrier moving member the elements remain in locked engagement, the saddle and the tool carrier being retained in locked engagement due to the fact that the ends of the rods 81 engage the inner faces 93 of the ways II. When the saddle 40 reaches its initial position upon the ways II of the lathe bed I0a the rear end of thesaddleyMl strikes a stop projection 98 (see Figure 17) whereby the saddle 40 is prevented from further retraction movement. The tool carrier and the tool .carrier moving member are continued in their retraction movement by means of the hydraulic motor 33, these elements remaining in locked position and the movement of the tool carrier with respect to the saddle unlocks the carrier from the saddle. The forward angular face of the recess 94 in the plug 52 of the tool carrier 30 engagesthe roller 91 on the locking pin 80 of the tool carrier'locking mechaninsm whereby the locking pin 80 is caused to move downwardly, as viewed in Figure 14. This movement of the locking pin 80. causes the saddle locking pins 8! to move outwardly and position their ends within the recess 93 provided in the ways I4 of the lathe bed. The compression springs 90 aid the movement of the saddle locking pins for actuating the locking mechanism between the tool carrier 30 and the tool carrier moving member 39 has been brought into a position whereby the ends thereof are adjacent the angular faces I2 and 12a in the guide tracks H and Na provided in the saddle 40. The right hand end of the actuating rod 65 engages the angularly disposed face 12a to cause the rod 65 to shift in a leftward direction (as viewed in Figure 12) whereby the locking pin 64 provided in the tool carrier moving member 39 is disengaged from the recess 59 provided in the reduced diameter portion 50 of the tool carrier 30. The

' IOI (see Figure 17). An electric motor I02 drives a double acting arm I03 through means of a gear head I04 for actuating the Geneva wheel I00. A limit switch I05 controls the opening of the circuit to the electric motor I02 at the end of the travel of the arm I03. The Geneva wheel I 00 is locked in position by means of a locking pin I06 which is slidably mounted in a casing I01. A compression spring I08 urges the pin I06 into engagement with the slots I00 of the Geneva wheel I00. An electric solenoid I I0 has an armature III connected to the pin I06 by means of a "link H2 and a bellcrank II3 for reciprocating the locking pin I06 for removing the pin M0 from the slots I09. The plun'ger rod IM of the looking pin I06 actuates a pair of limit switches H5 and I I6 for controlling operation of the indexing mechanism as will be hereinafter described.

The hydraulic system for controlling the movement of the tool carrier throughout its cycle of operation (see Figure 19) consists of the hy draulic motor 33 previously referred to. Fluid for serving the hydraulic motor 33 is removed from the reservoir II? by means of a pump H0 driven by a suitable electric motor. The pump I I0 is provided with a delivery conduit I I0 and a return conduit I20. A bypass valve I2I is provided between the delivery and return conduits I I0 and I20 to control the maximum pressure Within the delivery conduit I I9. The system new be of this type using a by-pass relief valve the pump can be 'of the variable delivery type zvherein the pump moves to neutral upon the development of a predetermined maximum pressure.

A l-way valve I22 is connected with a delivery conduit II9 by means of a conduit I23 and with the return conduit I20 by means of a conduit I24.

I piece.

The hydraulic motor 33 is served with fluid 'to one end thereof through the conduit I25 in which there is positioned-a choker-check arrangement consisting of a check valve I26 and a choke valve I21. The fluid passing through the conduit; I25 actuates the fluid motor to retract the saddle 40, the tool carrier 30 and the tool carrier moving member 39 with respect to the headstock end of the lathe.

The opposite end of the hydraulic motor 33 receives fluid through the conduits.I28 and I29, a valve I30 connecting the conduits I28 and I29. The valve I30 consists of a plunger rod I3I having a piston head I32 adapted to shut off the flow of fluid between the conduits I28 and I29 after a predetermined forward motion of the tool carrier iw to shift the fluid supply to the fluid motor through a by-pass system.

The by-pass system consists of a constant flow control mechanism comprising a flow control valve I33 and a choke I34. The choke'valve I34 is adjustable in the manner hereinafter described. g

The flow control valve I33 has an inlet conduit I35 and-an outlet conduit I35, which outlet conduit is connected to the inlet of the choke I36. The choke resists passage of fluid therethrough to the outlet conduit I31. The flow control valve I33 has a control conduit I38 con nected to one side of the valve I33 which conducts pressure from the conduit I31 to one side of the valve I33. A second control conduit I39 is provided on the valve I33 and conducts pressure from the conduit I38 to the valve I33. The flow control apparatus herein described is of the type more fully disclosed and described in Figure 1 of the patent to T. L. Farnham #2,146,53'l, patented February '1, 1939. The valve system controls the flow of fluid from the inlet conduit I35 to the discharge conduit I31 at a constant flow rate regardless of the pressure developed in the conduit I31 due to the increased pressure developed in the conduit by the additionalresistance met by the hydraulic motor in advancing the apparatus actuated thereby upon the work. A constant fiow control, such as the Farnham control, provides an apparatus wherein the rate'of forward movement of the work tool is always constant regardless of the resistance met by the work tool.

A check valve I is connected between the conduits I31 and I28 which by passes fluid around the flow control valve I33 and the choke I30 during the return stroke of the hydraulic motor when fluid is being admitted to the motor through the conduit I25.

The valve I30 of the hydraulic system heretofore described comprises apart of the apparatus for controlling the rate of advancement of the tool with respect to the work piece. When the valve I30 is in the position shown in Figure 19, the full flow of hydraulic fluid from the pump I3 is directed to the righthand end of the motor 33 to produce a rapid forward motion of the motor and thereby cause the tool carrier 30 to be advanced rapidly into engagement with the saddle 40 and approach its working position'with respect to the work piece. At a predetermined point in the forward travel of the tool carrier the valve I30 is shifted in a leftward direction so that the head I32 is positioned between the conduits I28 and I29 thus closing these conduits to flow of fluid. The fluid must then flow through the by-pass system which reduces the flow rate to that desired for the proper forward to shift the valve I30 as heretofore described.

Suitable springs I44 positioned within the member I42 provide sufficient friction upon'the collar I43 to shift-the valve I30 by permitting the.

member I42 to pass over the collar I43 after the valve I30 has shifted to permit forward advancement of the work tool. A similar operation is performed when the tool is retracted. The initial rate of movement of the tool away from the work piece is governed by the by-pass system until the member I42 shifts the valve I30 to open the conduit system I28, I29. During the initial movement of retraction of the tool fluid from the right hand end of the cylinder 33 passes through the check valve I40.

The machine of this invention provides for several operations upon a work piece by various tools. It is well known that each tool requires a diflerent speed of operation from other tools and therefore some means must be provided for changing the speed of advancement of the saddle and the work tool carried by the tool carrier 30 with respect to the work piece so that as successive tools are brought into proper working relationship with the work piece that their speeds of advancement upon the work piece will be the most favorable speed for the particular tool.

The choke valve I34 must therefore be read v justed as to the flow control 'rate through it each time a new tool is positioned in working relation-' ship with respect to the work piece. To change the choke valve I34 a cam plate I45 (see Figure 1'7) is secured to the Geneva wheel I00 by means of a post I46 bolted to the Geneva wheel I00.

' The cam plate I45 is more particularly disclosed in Figure 21 and consists of a plurality of individual cams I41 pivotally mounted upon the plate by means of the pivot pins I48. An adjusting screw I49 is provided for each of the cams I41 and is in threaded engagement with a boss I50. A tension spring' I51 retains the inner surface of the cam I41 in engagement with the adjusting screw I49. The adjusting screw I 49 positions the outer surface I5I of the cams relative to the choke valve I34.

The choke valve I34 is shown in cross-section in Figure 21 and consists of a body I52 having a plunger I53 extending therefrom. A piston I54 is slidably positioned within a cylinder I55 provided in the body I52. A compression spring I53 urges the piston I55 toward the forward end of the body I52 to provide an unrestricted passage betweenthe inlet I36 and the outlet I31.

The cams I41 are adjusted radially outwardly v with respect to the cam plate I45 to controlthe degree of restriction offered by the choke valve I34 when the cam engages the control rod I53 of the choke valve. Each of the tool stations is provided with a cooperating cam I41 and since the cams I41 rotate with the tools when rotated by the turret 20 it may be seen that the choke valve I39 will be adjusted by the cams I41 to control the rate of flow of fluid therethrough and thus the speed of forward advancement of the tool with respect to the work piece. Each of the 2 tools thus hasits own controlled speed which can be readily adjusted to meet varying conditions.

In. Figure 20 there is disclosed a modification of the hydraulic system for regulating the flow of fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 33. r In this modification a pressure regulating valve I58 is positioned between the choke valve I34 and the fluid conduit I28. The pressure regulating valve I58 I controls the pressure in the conduit I36 at a submatic operation of the turret latheis disclosed in" Figure 19. A plurality er limit switches I59 is placed in series electrically, each otthe limit switches being associated with one of the tool carrier moving members 38. These limit switches I55 are closed when the tool moving member 39 is in its iull retracted position and are opened by means of the springs I68 when the tool mov-' ing member 39 is in a forward position.- A relay I IGI controls the electrical energization of the Geneva wheel locking solenoid H8 and the operaticn oi the solenoid I62 01' the 4-way valve I22. The relay I6I is supplemented by means oi a relay I63 which conditions the electric circuit for the solenoid I62 of the 4-way valve I22. A limit switch. I64 is positioned adjacent the forward limit of the forward stroke of the tool carrier 38 I68 through the power line I61. The relay 28I is thus energized to open blade 283 from its contacts and to close blade 284 upon its contacts. The blade 283 thus breaks the electric circuit from the selector switch I65 and the push button switch I66 to the relay IBI to prevent any subsequent control over this relay. The blade 284 provides a holding circuit for the relay 286 which is retained until one of the switches I59 breaks circuit. As soon as one of the limit switches.l59 is opened the relay 28E reconditions the initiating circuit through the push button switch I66 or the selector switch I65 to permit initiation of the next cycle of operation.

At the same instant the blade I15 closes a circuit from the power line I13 through the line I82, the blade I15, the lines I83, I84 to the relay I63 and through the line I85 to the power line I61. The relay I63 thus closes the blades I86 and I81- upon their respective contacts. The

blade I86 establishes a holding circuit for. the

relay I63 from the power line I13 through the line I88, the limit switch I84, the line I99, the blade I86, the line I98, the relay I63, the line I85 to the power line I61. The blade I81 oi the relay I63 conditions an electric circuit for the solenoid I62 oi the 4-way valve 522 which circuit or the saddle 48 for initiating the retraction stroke of the tool carrier 38.

The electrical system, as shownin Figure 19,

- has the elements thereof positioned in their normal deenergized positions with all of the elements at rest after the completion of the retraction stoke oi the tool moving member 89. The systern is in readiness for the initiation of an index- Ingcycle. v The initiation of the indexing cycle can be either automatically or manually controlled. A selector switch I65 is provided for controlling the condition of the electric circuit for either manual or automatic operation and as shown in Figure 19 is in position for manual operation of the initiation of the cycles of operation of the turret lathe. A push button switch I66 is provided for manually initiating the energization of the control circuit.

To begin a cycle of operation of the turret lathe the push button switch I68 is closed whereby an electriccircuit is made from the power-line I61 through the line I68, the limit switches I59, the line I69, I18, the push button switch I66, lines I", I12, the relay I6I to thevpower line I13. The solenoid IN is thus energized to close the blades I14, I15 and I16 upon their respective contacts and to open the blade I11 from its contacts. As soon as the relay I6I closes the blade I'M upon its contacts a holding circuit is established for the relay I6I through the line I18, the relay I6I, the line I19, the blade I14, the line 888, the limit switch I85, the line I8I to the power line 561. This holding circuit is maintained until the indexing cycle is under way.

The blade I15 closes an electric circuit to a relay 2M from the power line I18 through the line I82, the blade I15, the lines I88, 282, the relay 2M, the line I69, the switches I59'and line will be hereinafter described.

Closing of the relay I6I also establishes a circuit to the Geneva wheel operating solenoid II8 from the power line I13 through the lines I82, I9I, the blade I16, the line I92, the solenoid III) and the lines I93, I94 and I95 to the power line I61. Energization or the solenoid IIII removes the locking pin I86 from the Geneva wheel I88. The movement 01' the locking pin I66 causes the limit switch II6 to close and the limit switch II! to open. Closure of the limit switch II6 establishes an electric circuit to the motor I82 01' the indexing mechanism from the power line I13 through the line I83, the motor I82, the line I84, the switch H6 and the line I85 to the power line I 1. v

The motor I82 drives the arm I89 oi the Geneva mechanism for starting the Geneva wheel in its indexing motion. Soon 'after the. arm I83 has started its movement it contacts the limit switch I05 to open the same. When the limit switch I85 opens the holding circuit, the relay IN is opened whereby the relay I6I is deenergized and the blades I14, I15 and I16 are removed from their contacts while the blade I 11 closes upon its contacts. When the relay I6I becomes deenergized the electric circuit established to the Geneva wheel solenoid II 8 is broken whereby the locking pin I86 is forced into engagement with the Geneva wheel by means of the spring I88. The locking pin I86 however cannot prevent the Geneva wheel from continuing its indexing motion since it cannot enter the groove I89 until the arm I83 has brought the groove I89 into proper relationship with the locking pin I86. The switch II6 remains closed to maintain circuit to the electric motor I82 until the indexing motion is'completed and the locking pin I68 enters the groove I89.

When this operation occurs the switch H6 is opened to break circuit to the electric motor I82 and the switch H5 is closed to make circuit to the solenoid I62 of the 4-way valve I22. As previously mentioned relay I63 has been energized when the relay I8I was closed. The relay I63 established its holding circuit as previously detacts. As soon as the switch H5 is closed by the locking pin I08 an electric circuit is estab- 'lished to the solenoid I82 of the 4-way valve I22 from the power line I13 through the'line I95, the blade I11 of the relay I8I, the line I96, the solenoid I62, the line I91, the blade I81, the line I98, the switch H and lines I94 and I85 to the power line I61.

The solenoid I82 is thus energized to shift the.

. through for the relay I83,

The relay I83 is deenergized whereby the blades I88 and I81 open circuit through their contacts When the rods 2I8 enter the bores 2I1 the tool carrier 2I4 is retained in its proper working position for entry into engagement with the work piece carried by the spindle of the lathe and in, proper alignment with the saddle 220 carried upon the bed 22I of the lathe. The saddle 228 is guided upon suitable ways 222 provided upon the lathe bed 22I for carrying the tool carrier 2I4 into working relationship with respect to the work piece carried by the lathe spindle. The tool carrier 2 I4 is provided with a wedge-shaped head 223 which is adapted to enter a, wedgeshaped opening 224 in the saddle 220 so that the angular surface 225 of the wedge-shaped head 223 will engage the angular surface 228 of the wedge-shaped opening in the saddle 228. Posi-.

' tioning of the wedge-shaped head 223 within the and thereby deenergizing the solenoid I82 of the 4-way valve I22.- Deenergization of the solenoid I82 permits the 4-way valve I22 to be returned to its initial position by means of the spring I99 whereby hydraulicfluid is then directed from the conduit I23 into the'conduit I25 causing a retraction stroke of the hydraulic motor 33 and thereby carries the tool carrier and the saddle 48 throughout a retraction stroke and releases the tool carrier from the saddle and the tool carrier moving member 39 from-the tool carrier 38 in the manner heretofore described.

When all of the tool carrier moving members 39 are in their full retracted position the limit switches I59 will be closed and the circuit is then in condition'for another cycle of operation. As

wedge-shaped opening 224 locates the tool 2I5 during its working stroke.

In order to lock the tool carrier 2I4 to the saddle 228 a locking plunger 221 is'positioned within a vertical bore 228 within the saddle 220. The plunger 221 is provided with a reduced diameter portion 229 which slidably engages a bore 238 in a plug 23I which closes one end of the bore 228. A pin 232 extends through the plug 23I and through a slot 233 provided in the stem or reduced diameter portion 229 of the plunger 221 whereby the plunger is prevented from rotation. A compression spring 234 is positioned between the plug 23I and the plunger 221 for urging the plunger in an upwardly direction.

The upper end of the plunger 221 engages a plate 235 slidably positioned within a groove or shown in Figure 19 the circuit must be reenergized by means of the push button-switch I88 v since the selector switch I85 is in series therewith.

If the selector is in series with the contact 200 the cycle of operation will be automatically repeated since the relay 2III is now in the deenergized position with the blade 283' closed upon its contacts. 2

In Figures 23 to 26 there is shown a modified arrangement wherein the hydraulic cylinder for track 238 within the wedge-shaped opening 224 provided in the saddle 220. The plate 235 has a pin 231 extending therefrom into 'a slot 238 provided adjacent the wedge-shaped opening 224.

- The lowerend of the pin 231 carries a piston moving the tools into engagement with the .work

pieces are carried by the turret. Also, a modified arrangement of a lockingdevice between the tool carrier and the saddle is shown for'locking the members together .for suitably guiding the tool in its working relationship with respectto the 239 slidably positioned within a bore 249 provided in the saddle 220. A compression spring 24I urges the piston 239 in a rightward direction, as

viewed in' 'Figure 23, and thus normally pushes the plate'235 across the slot 238 to retain the phmger 231 in a downward positionagainst the compression of the spring 234;

. The lower end of the stem 229 of the plunger- 221 carries a yoke 258 having a roller 242 positioned at opposite ends thereof; The yoke 258 is secured to the stem 229 by'means of the nut 259.

The rollers 242 engage an inclined surface 243 provided upon the lathe bed MI and adjacent each of the .rollers 242. -Each of the'declining work piece carried in, the spindle of the lathe. v

.Flgures 25 and. 26 showin diagrammatic form the relationship of the hydraulic cylinders with respect to the turret for being supportedthereby and with respect to the saddle supported by the bed of the lathe.

structional views shown in cross-section to in-' dicate the manner in which the tool carrier and the saddle are locked together during the -conc'omitant travel. Y/

In this modification provided for moving each of the'work tools into engagement with the work piece; The motors/'2 I II I are radially disposed within a turret housing 2 Figures 23 and 24 are cona hydraulic motor H is suitably carried by a turret post 2I2.' Each hydraulic motor 2IIl is provided with a reciprocat ing plunger 2I3 which supports a tool carrier 2I4 for holding a tool 2I5. The tool carrier 2I4 surfaces 243 terminates in 'areuate surfaces-244 forminga hook into '-Whlch the rollers 242 are forced tolock the saddle .22Il"in-posit ion upon the lathe bed 22I, as shown in Figure 23.

The locking mechanism just described operates in the following manner. -When the hydraulic motor 2" moves. the tool carrier 2I4 forwardly tocause engagement of the wedge shaped head 225 with the wedge-shaped opening 224, a shoul- .der 245 provided upon the lower surface of the wedge-shaped head 225 engages the plate 235 to move the same in a leftward direction against the compression. of the spring 241. As the wedge shaped head 225 approaches its completely entered position in the wedge-shaped opening 224 a bore'248 provided in the head 225 is brought into alignment with the bore 228provided in the saddle 228 (see Fi ure24) The bore 248 is provided with tapered side walls to engage a tapered surface 241 provided on the plunger 221. The first movement of the plunger 221 is avertical movement to permit the roller 242 to be disengaged 

